




* 




Class __ "P til ~-j _ 

Book_L, SlV_5 


Coiyrighf N° 19 0 j 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 




/ i 









■ 







































\ 





















W 





















- 




s’- ' ■< 






■ 


' 











V 



































« 














f 







* • 































































































































































# 



























. 




































V 

























. 

















































SCENE FROM NATURE 










...FIRST... 

SCIENCE READER 


a/ 

By L/MAE NELSON VaaM-> 



A. FLANAGAN CO. 

Publishers 

CHICAGO NEW YORK 









?E\\n 

S3 Vs 

not 


THE LIBRARY OF 
CONGRESS, 
Two Copies Received 

DEC. 24 1901 

CWYKIGHT ENTRY 

%0-icfO ( 

CLASS £VXXa No. 

Z s 

COPY B. 


Copyright, 1894, 

By L. MAE NELSON 


New Edition, Copyright, 1901 









INTRODUCTION. 


true teacher appreciates the place the 
study of Science holds in our public schools. 
Nature appeals to the impressive and respon¬ 
sive nature of the child. Nothing can better serve 
to unify our Primary work than nature studies. 
The children in our progressive schools are fed, and 
well fed too, on much science work, in script. 

There has been some hesitation in giving this 
script work, because of the failure to connect the 
sentences used in science with those found in readers. 

There has, therefore, been much demand for a 
Science Reader. It is purposed that this plan shall 
not only cover the long-felt need of a simplified 
Science Reader, but shall be an improvement over the 
disjointed selections and nonsystematic arrangement 
of other readers. 

Thought getting and thought expression are the 
aims in teaching reading. Learning to read has 
long been conceded to be something more than 
mastering the pronunciation and spelling of words. 
iii 




INTRODUCTION. 


iv 


The lessons in this reader are arranged with 
reference to the seasons of the year. Such science 
studies as are apt to be “ taken up ” in certain 
seasons, are treated of in connection with that 
season’s stories. 

It is hoped that the teacher into whose hands 
this book may fall, will not consider that the lessons 
need be given in consecutive order. The lessons are 
connected, but not so much so as to bar the child 
from reading the particular lesson he may find con¬ 
nected with the object he is studying. 

Hoping that the book will be of much service 
and pleasure to both the teachers and the children, 
I am, Yours very cordially, 

L. MAE NELSON. 


INDEX 


Page. 

Spring Time .i 

What Does April Say ?.3 

Blackbirds.5 

The Pretty Raindrops ..7 

The Birds in the Rain.9 

Home Building . . .. 11 

The Willow Twig.13 

The Seeds. 15 

The Leaf.17 

The Bird in the Nest.19 

The Oak Leaf.21 

The Maple Leaf.22 

The Frog.24 

Fishing.26 

Blackberries.28 

The Pine Twigs. 30 

The Australian Pine . 31 

The White Pine.32 

The Mouse.33 

The Beaver. 35 

The Rabbit.39 

The Rat.4 1 

The Squirrel.42 

The Kitten and the Mouse .44 

The Eskimo.46 

The Eskimo’s Igloo.48 

The Indian. 49 


V 






























VI 


INDEX. 


The Cherry ..51 

The Peach.52 

The Cocoon.55 

The American Silkworm .57 

The Orange .59 

The Tomato .62 

The Potato.63 

The Busy Bee . .. 64 

The Eagle.67 

The Cow.68 

The Cat.71 

The Grasshopper.72 

The Bird’s Story.74 

Who Cares for the Birds?.76 

The Wind .79 

September.80 

Autumn.82 

Thanksgiving ..83 

The Snow.85 

What Ann Saw.87 

The Frost.88 

Mabel and Fred at Work.89 

The Story Jack Frost Told.90 

Jack Frost’s Little Sister.94 


























SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER 



We are tired of the long, cold 
winter. 

I think the flowers are all glad 
that winter has gone, too. 

Kendall, do you think the trees 
know that spring is here? 



SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


The buds, that have been asleep so 
long, are waking up. 

The birds are coming back. They 
have been away all winter. 

The birds and the bright sunshine 
will wake up the buds. 

Will the rain help the buds to 
open ? Oh yes, the rain will help them. 

We have some pretty twigs in the 
schoolroom. I have some twigs at 
home. We put the twigs in water. 

Look at the pussy-willows! 

They are ready to tell you some¬ 
thing. 

What do they say, Mabel? 

They seem to say they are glad to 
see the sunshine. 

I think they are glad to see the 
little birds. 

Their houses are getting too small 
to hold them now. 


SPRING TIME. 


3 


Their houses are the little brown 
buds, that are fastened to the stem. 

The pussies have lived in their 
little brown houses all winter. 

They are glad to come out now. 

Some pussies are pink and some 
are white. 

They soon grow so very large that 
the little brown houses fall off the twig. 

Watch the pussies grow! They get 
prettier every day. 

Soon they will turn to catkins. 

The yellow pollen dust will cover 
their soft fur. 

We all like to watch the pussy¬ 
willows grow. 

WHAT DOES APRIL SAY? 

April seems to be a sad month. 

The rain falls nearly every day. 

It is a very cloudy month. 



4 


SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


We wish little April would laugh. 
It makes us unhappy to see so 
much crying. 



The pussy-willows look out of their 
little brown houses to see what is the 
matter. 

Do they like the rain? 

What does the rain do for them? 

What does the rain do for the 
seeds ? 

It helps them very much. 




BLACKBIRDS. 


5 


It helps them to open the doors of 
their little houses. 

April is not sad. April is happy 
in helping the buds and seeds. 


BLACKBIRDS. 



It is spring time. Did you see the 
blackbirds ? The blackbirds come 
back to see us in the spring time. 
They go to their home in the South 
during our cold winter. 

They come back to us -in large 
flocks. You can hear their glad song. 




6 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

They make their nests in low 
bushes and among the tufts of 
grass. 

In the fall they get together in 
large flocks and go down upon the 
farmer’s corn fields. They are very 
fond of corn. 

Do you think the farmers like the 
blackbirds? 

The farmer does not like to have 
them eat his corn. 

They make their nests of grass, 
small twigs, and fine roots. 

What do you think you will find in 
the nests? 

You will find some pale blue eggs, 
spotted with dark brown. 

These birds are very pretty. They 
are shy and will not let you go very 
near them. 


THE PRETTY RAIN DROPS. 


7 


THE PRETTY RAIN DROPS. 



The rain is falling very softly. 

I like to watch the rain fall. 

It drops down very slowly today. 

I do not like to see the rain come 
down fast. 

I do not like to have the wind blow 
while it rains. 

A nice soft rain-fall, like this, 
makes my plants feel happy. 

All my flowers are very thirsty. 













78 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

Do you know how they drink the 
water? 

The water soaks down into the 
ground. The roots take it in and 
send it up through the plants. All 
their little pipes are full of water. 

The soft rain has washed all the 
dust off the leaves. They look very 
pretty and green. 

The flowers all look very happy. 

See them nod their little heads. 

They are not sleepy now. 

The rain-drops are whispering 
something to them. 

What do you think the rain-drops 
say? 

I think they say, “Wake up, pretty 
flowers! ” 

What do you think they say, Maud ? 

I think they say, “ Here is a drink 
for you.” 


THE BIRDS IN THE RAIN. 


9 


What do you think the flowers say? 
The flowers say, “Thank you, thank 
you, rain-drops.” 

Listen to the rain. 


THE BIRDS IN THE RAIN. 



The little birds will get wet. 

Do you see them out in the rain? 
Will their feathers get very wet? 

Do they like the rain? 

I do not know. Let us watch them. 
I hear a bird singing in the rain. 



10 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


Are birds always happy when they 
sing? 

I do not know. I think they are. 
They seem to be very happy. 

Are you always, happy when you 
sing? 

No, I am not always happy when I 
sing. I like to sing. 

I think we ought to try to be as 
happy as the little birds. 

Sing, little bird, sing! 

It is a little bluebird. 

He does not seem to care for the 
rain. 

I think he is trying to wake the 
flowers. 

The flowers have been asleep all 
winter. 

Where has the bluebird been all 
winter? 

Oh, he has been where it is warmer. 


HOME BUILDING. 


11 


The little bluebird could not live here 
in the cold winter. 

He goes away during our cold 
winter, and comes back again when 
our spring comes. 


HOME BUILDING. 



I see one, two, three little birds. 
They have straws in their bills. 
What do you think they will do 
with the straws? 



12 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

Oh! I know! They are making nests. 

Yes, they are building their homes. 
They are very happy while they work. 
Do you like to watch the birds build 
their nests? 

They sing and work. One of the 
little birds is building her nest in the 
elm tree. I am glad we can watch 
her. 

I saw the bird take some thread to 
the tree. Will she use the thread? 

With what do the birds build their 
nests? We will watch and see. 

I think the bird uses fine, dry 
grasses. 

Ann saw a bird take a leaf in its 
bill and fly off with it. 

Fred says he knows the birds use 
horse hair in weaving their nests. 

Did you ever see the birds carry 
pieces of string in their bills? 


THE WILLOW TWIG. 


13 


What do they do with the string? 
The string helps to make their 
nests strong. 

The little birds work hard. 

They make their nests strong and 


THE WILLOW TWIG. 



I have a willow twig. 

My twig has two layers of bark. 
The outer layer is darker than the 
inner layer. 

The outer layer is smooth and glossy. 



14 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

The inner layer is tough and 
fibrous. 

The woody part of the twig is 
inside the bark. 

The center of the woody part is 
soft. 

The soft part is called pith. 

There are alternate buds on my 
twig. 

The buds are very small. 

Between the buds, on the bark, I 
see little red spots. 

Some buds, on the twig, are larger 
than others. 

Where are the largest buds? 

Let us open one of the buds and 
look at it. 

See the little leaves! How closely 
they are put together! 

The buds are opening. 


THE SEEDS. 


15 


The sunshine and rain will soon 
make the trees look pretty. 

I think the first green leaves are 
very pretty. 

We will watch the buds open. 



THE SEEDS. 

The birds are try¬ 
ing to wake the seeds 
and the buds. 

They think the 
little buds have been asleep long 
enough. 

They have been asleep all winter. 

They will soon open their pretty 
eyes. 

The sun is helping to wake the 
buds, too. 

We will plant some seeds and watch 
them grow. 



16 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

What seeds shall we plant? 

We will plant some beans, and 
some morning-glory seeds. 

What do you think you will see 
first? 

Will the seed’s coat come off? 
Watch and see. 

When the little seed begins to wake 
up, he finds his coat is too small. 

The little coat breaks open. 

How does it open? Do you see 
the coat-button? 

What makes the little seed grow 
larger every day? 

What makes you grow larger every 
day? 

The food makes the little seed grow. 

What is the seed’s food ? 

The little seed has many things to 
tell us. Do you know what they are? 

Let us watch it every day. 


THE LEAF. 



I see a leaf. 

The leaf is yellow. 

The leaf is very pretty. 

Some leaves are red and some are 
yellow. 

I saw a pretty brown and yellow oak 
leaf. 

The maple leaves are very pretty. 

There are two parts to a leaf 

Most leaves have a stem and a blade. 

Some leaves have no stems. 

Did you ever see a leaf with no 
stem ? 


18 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

I have a lilac leaf. 

My leaf has a very long stem. 

Do you see the stem of my leaf? 

Pearl’s leaf has a long stem, too. 

The elm leaf has a very short 
stem. 

The blade of my leaf is yellow. 

This is a pretty blade. 

See the pipes running through the 
leaves! 

There is water in these little pipes. 

There is a pipe running through 
the stem to the blade of the leaf. 

These pipes are called veins. 

Do you see the veins? 

There is a large vein in the middle 
of the leaf. 

There are other little veins running 
into it. 

This large vein is called the mid¬ 


vein. 


THE BIRD ON THE NEST. 


19 


Do you see the mid-vein? 

We will find the mid-vein in other 
leaves. 


THE BIRD ON THE NEST. 



What kind of a bird is this? 

We can almost hear him sing. 

See the pretty bird near him. 

He is singing to the bird on the 
nest, 



20 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

The bird on the nest seems to like 
to hear him sing. 

Will the bird that is on the nest 
sing? 

We will watch the birds we see on 
nests, and see if they sing. 

Does this little bird stay on the nest 
all of the time? 

The bird is on the eggs. 

Watch some little bird and see if it 
stays on the eggs all the time. 

The birds look very happy? 

How does the bird on the nest get 
its food? 

Soon there will be little birds in 
the nest. The old birds will fly 
away and get food for the little 
birds. 

Do you like to watch little birds ? 

Mabel likes to watch them learn to 


THE OAK LEAF. 


21 


When the little birds see the pretty 
flowers, they will try to sing. 

I like to hear the birds sing. 


THE OAK LEAF. 



The oak leaf is very pretty. It 
has a darker green color than most 
other leaves. 

It is long and narrow. 

The edge of the leaf is broken. 

I like to draw the oak leaf. 

Do you like to draw leaves? 



22 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

The upper surface of the oak leaf 
is very glossy. 

The oak leaf has a mid-vein. 

There are many other veins run¬ 
ning into the mid-vein. 

If we break the oak leaf from the 
tree, the leaf will die. 

Why will it die? 

It will die because it has no more 
water running through its veins. 

We can keep the leaves a little 
while after we take them from the 
tree by putting them in water, but 
they will not live long. 


THE MAPLE LEAF. 

This is a maple leaf. The maple 
leaf is very pretty. 

It is not so long as the oak leaf. 



THE MAPLE LEAF. 


23 


It is not broad like the geranium 
leaf. 

The edge of the geranium leaf is 
not so much broken as the edge of the 
maple leaf. 


The maple leaf has a very pretty 
shape. 



green color. 

The leaf blade is two shades of green. 
It is a light green underneath and a 
dark green on the upper surface. 

The surface of the leaf is very 
smooth. 


24 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


The upper surface is glossy. 

The leaf has many ribs or veins. 
What are they for ? 

The veins are full of moisture. 
Break one of them and see what is 
in it. 

There is one large vein running 
through the middle of the leaf. 

What is this vein called ? 


THE FROG. 



The color of the frog’s body is 
green. 

The frog’s body is broad and short. 












THE FROG. 


25 


It has two bright eyes. 

How many feet has the frog? 

It is web-footed. 

It moves by swimming and hopping. 

People eat frogs’ legs. 

The frog breathes through its nose. 

It swallows the air. 

It eats bugs, flies, and worms. 

Frogs live in the water most of the 
time. 

Can you make a noise like a frog? 

Do you like to hear the frog sing ? 

The frog does not seem to like the 
sunshine. It likes the rain. 

It is happiest on a rainy, dreary 
day. 

When you are most sleepy and tired, 
the frog is most happy. It sings all night. 

Its voice is loud and shrill. It 
seems to say, “I’m so glad. It’s 
going to rain. It’s going to rain.” 


26 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


FISHING. 



This little boy’s name is Harry. 

Harry is a very good little boy. 
One day his mamma said he might go 
to the brook and catch some fish. 

Harry has a long fishing-pole and 
some strong string. He uses the 
string for his fishing-line. 

Do you think he has a fishhook ? 
Yes, I think he has a bright new 
fishhook. Harry has a tin pail with 
him. What has he in the pail ? I 
think he has water in the pail. Archie 
thinks he has worms in the pail. 






FISHING. 


27 


Yes, he has worms in his pail. 
What are the worms for? The worms 
are his bait. 

Harry will put some bait on his fish¬ 
hook and then let it go down into the 
water. 

What will the fish do when they 
see the bait? When the fish see the 
bait they will bite it. 

When a fish bites the bait it gets 
caught on the sharp hook. What 
will Harry do then? He will pull the 
fish line out of the water and take the 
fish off the hook. 

When Harry takes the fish off the 
hook he will put it on a string. 

Did you ever go fishing, Clara ? 

Oh yes, and I had a good time. But 
I did not catch one fish. 

How many fish do you think Harry 
caught? 


28 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


BLACKBERRIES. 



We are going to pick berries today. 

Oh ! Are you ? Do let me go, too ! 
I have never been out where the berries 
grow, Frank. 

Why, Mary, how strange ! We go 
every year when the berries are ripe. 

I will ask mamma if you may go 
with us. Maybe your mamma would 
like to go, too. Run quick and ask 
her, Mary. 

Frank thought it very strange that 
Mary had never picked berries. 




BLACKBERRIES. 


29 


Mary has always lived in the city. 
This is her first visit to the country. 
She is very happy and wants to see 
everything. She loves the country 
very much. 

Here she comes back, ready to go. 
Her mamma said she might go and 
help pick berries. 

You can see them in the picture. 
Mary is very much pleased with 
berry picking. 

She has her pail nearly full. Do 
you like to pick berries? What kind 
of berries do you think they are 
gathering? 

Are they blackberries? 

Yes, they are nice, large black¬ 
berries ? 

Do you like berries? 

What kind of berries do you like 
best? 


30 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


THE PINE TWIGS. 



The pine twig has brown bark. 

Do you see the pine needles? 

Yes, but the pine needles are green. 

We all think the needles are very 
pretty. 

Mabel says they are “Fairies’” 
needles. 

Will the needles’ sharp points hurt 
the Fairies? 


THE AUSTRALIAN PINE. 


31 


THE AUSTRALIAN PINE. 



The Australian Pine has two needle- 
leaves in a sheath. 


The needle-leaves are long, sharp 
and stiff. 

They are dark green, and glossy. 

Each needle-leaf has two faces. 

One face is plane, the other is 
curved. 

The plane faces grow facing each 
other in the sheath, 



32 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


The sheath is brown and rough. 
The sheath holds the leaves together. 


THE WHITE PINE. 



The White Pine has five needles in 


a sheath. 

The needles are triangular. 

They have plane faces. 

They are dark green. 

They have sharp points. 

The bunches of needles look like 
tassels, 



THE MOUSE. 


33 


There is a little bud in the middle 
of each bunch. 

The needles are the leaves of the 
tree. _ 


THE MOUSE. 



What can a little mouse do? 

A mouse can see. It has two very 
bright eyes. 

A mouse has two sharp ears. 

It can hear very well. Its little 
ears stand up and it can hear the 
least sound. 

A mouse has four feet and a long, 
cylinder-like body. 























34 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

A mouse has a keen smell, too. 

Its mouth seems very small. 

It has teeth like the rat’s and the 
beaver’s. 

The four front teeth are long and 
sharp. They are used for gnawing. 

A mouse gnaws holes through 
wood to get what it wants. 

Did you ever hear a mouse gnaw¬ 
ing wood? 

It makes a very strange noise. 
Sometimes you may hear one gnaw¬ 
ing in the night. 

Did you ever see a hole that a 
mouse had gnawed? 

A mouse is called a “ Gnawer.” 

The mouse belongs to the same 
family as the squirrel, the beaver and 
the rat. 

The mouse is a very knowing little 
animal. 


THE BEAVER. 


35 


THE BEAVER. 



The beaver is a very timid animal. 
It is about two or three feet long and 
one foot high. It is covered with 
brown hair. Its eyes and ears are 
small. Its nose is blunt. 

The beaver has very strong, sharp 


36 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

teeth. The teeth are like the teeth 
of the rat and the squirrel. The four 
front teeth are very long and sharp. 
These teeth are called incisors. The 
back teeth are used for grinding their 
food. 

The beaver has a very queer tail. 

It is long and flat. It looks like the- 
blade of an oar. The beaver uses his 
tail as a mason usos his trowel. It 
looks somewhat like a trowel. There 
is no hair or fur on it. It is covered 
with scales. 

The beaver has four feet. The - 
hind feet have thin skin between the 
toes. This shows us that he can swim. 

Beavers always build their houses 
near or in the water. If the water is 
a stream, they build a dam across it. 

The dam is made of stones, branches 


THE BEAVER. 


37 


of trees, and clay. The beavers build 
their dams very neatly. 

They cut the trees down with their 
sharp teeth. 

When they get the branches of the 
trees and the stones where they want 
them, they plaster the dam with clay. 

Why do they plaster the dam ? 
They pjaster the dam so that the 
sticks and stones will stay where they 
place them. The water would wash 
the dam away if the sticks and stones 
were not firmly held in place. 

The beavers lay the clay on the 
dam with their broad, flat tails. They 
smooth the clay over the branches and 
stones with their tails. 

The beavers never live or work 
alone. 

They build many houses near to- 


38 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

gether. They make a little “Beaver 
Town.” 

The houses are built of mud, sticks, 
and small branches of trees. The 
houses are several feet high and very 
thick. 

There are two rooms in a beaver’s 
house. One room is under the water. 
This is their store room. The other 
room is above the water. The floor 
of the room above the water is covered 
with soft moss. This is their living 
room. 

They put their food for the winter 
in their store room. This food is the 
bark which they gnaw from the trees. 

The beaver is a very busy little 
animal. 


THE RABBIT. 


39 


THE RABBIT. 



They are very white. What are 
their names? 

Fred calls one Bunny and the other 
Dot. 

They are very tame. Fred calls 
them and they come to him.' 

They have pretty pink eyes. 

They hold their ears straight up, 
as if they were listening. 

They are very fond of clover. 

Do you know what rabbits like 
best? 



40 ' SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

Yes, they like cabbage leaves best. 

The rabbit belongs to the same 
family as the rat, the beaver- and the 
squirrel. 

Do you know what family that is? 

It is the family of gnawers. 

The gnawers are sometimes called 
rodents'? 

What kind of teeth have the 
rodents? 

A rodent must have four sharp 
front teeth for gnawing. 

What did you ever see a rabbit 
gnaw? 

Are the rabbit’s fore legs and hind 
legs the same length? 

Can you tell me why? 

How does the rabbit move? 


THE RAT. 


41 


THE RAT. 



body. 

Its body is covered with coarse hair. 
The hair is gray or dark brown. 
The rat has a pointed head. 

Its nose is sharp. 

The rat can smell well. 

It has two pointed ears. 

Its teeth are like the squirrel’s teeth. 
The four front teeth are long, sharp 
and pointed. 

They are used for gnawing. 







42 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


What other animals gnaw? 

The four front teeth are called 
incisors. 

The teeth used for grinding the 
food are called molars. 

The molars are very strong. 

The rat has four short legs. 

There are claws on its feet. 

How many toes has a rat? 

The rat has a long, scaly tail. 

Of what use is the rat’s tail ? 

The rat and the mouse are very 
much alike. 


THE SQUIRREL. 

I see a squirrel. 

Does he not look pretty? 

The squirrel can climb a tree very 
quickly. 

It has long, sharp claws. 



THE SQUIRREL. 


43 


The squirrels are very busy now. 
They are gathering nuts. 

What will they do with the nuts ? 
They will store them for winter use. 
The squirrel is a very wise little 
animal. 



squirrel belongs? 

Yes, it belongs to the rodent 
family. 

They have incisors and molars. 
What use do they make of their 
incisors ? 


44 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


What use do they make of their 
molars? 

The squirrel has a long, bushy tail. 
The squirrel is light brown in color. 


THE KITTEN AND THE 
MOUSE. 



See the kitten and the mouse. 

The mouse seems to think the kitten 


will catch it. 

Will the kitten catch the mouse? 

No, the kitten is not trying to 
catch it. 

The mouse was in a shoe. 




THE KITTEN AND THE MOUSE. 


45 


It was an old, black shoe. The 
shoe had a hole in the toe. 

When the little mouse heard the 
kitten, it ran out through the hole in 
the toe of the shoe. 

It is a very pretty kitten. See the 
ribbon around its neck. 

The kitten is standing on its hind 
paws. 

It is looking into the shoe. 

The shoe has five buttons on it. 

The mouse has four paws. 

I see the mouse’s four paws and 
two of the kitten’s paws. Four paws 
and two paws are — paws. 

I am glad the kitten did not hurt 
the mouse. Do you think the mouse 
will go into the shoe again? 


46 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


THE ESKIMO. 



The Eskimos live in the far North. 

It is very cold where they live. 

It is so cold there that trees cannot 
grow. 

There is snow on the ground all 
the time. 

We could not live there very well. 

The Eskimos do not feel the cold 
as we do. They are used to it. 

The Eskimos could not live here 


THE ESKIMO. 


47 


and dress as we do. It is too warm 
here for them. 

They wear clothing made from the 
skin of the seal and the bear. 

The Eskimos are not very tall. 

They have round faces and brown 
skin. 

Their eyes are small. Their noses 
are broad and almost flat. Their hair 
is straight and black. 

The Eskimo babies are white. 

They grow brown as they get 
older. 

The Eskimos are very untidy. 

They never wash. They do not 
know the use of soap. 

They eat the meat of the seal and 
the. bear.. 

They like fat meat. 

Their candy is like our tallow. 

They eat with their fingers. 


48 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


When they finish eating they rub 
their greasy hands on their faces. 

They look very stupid. 

The Eskimos have no schools. 

They live very happily together. 
They are very kind to each other. 
We will learn more about them. 


THE ESKIMOS IGLOO. 



This is the Eskimo’s home. 




THE INDIAN. 


49 


The Eskimo’s home is called an 
igloo. 

The igloo is made of snow and ice. 
It looks like a beehive. 

It has an opening near the ground. 
This opening is the door. 

The Eskimo crawls into his igloo. 
Some igloos have no windows. 
There is a shelf of ice inside the igloo. 
The Eskimos sleep on this shelf. 
It is covered with the skins of the bear 
or the seal. 

They eat from this shelf, too. 

It serves them as bed and table. 

The igloos are very small. 


THE INDIAN. 

The Indians are a copper-colored 
people. 

They are usually large. 

They have high cheek bones. 



50 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


They have long, straight, black hair. 



Their eyes are very black, too. 

The Indian women are called 
squaws. 

The children are called papooses. 
Indians are very fond of hunting. 
They are fond of fishing, too. 




THE CHERRY. 


51 


Did you ever see an Indian? 

The Indian is kind and good when 
he is well treated. 

Mr. Longfellow wrote a pretty 
story about the Indian. 

Do you know the story of “ Hia¬ 
watha”? 


THE CHERRY. 

George is 
in the tree. 

It is a 
cherry tree. 
Do you see 
the cherries ? 
Nat and May 
are on the 
ground. 

What is 
Nat doing? 







52 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

He is eating the cherries he has 
gathered. 

May is waiting for George to drop 
some cherries down to her. 

What do you think she will do 
when she gets them? 

The cherries are very ripe. They 
are large cherries, too. 

Cherries are a very pretty fruit. 

The cherry has a long stem. The 
cherry is almost a sphere. It has a 
stone in it. We will read more about 
it sometime. 


THE PEACH. 

The peach is an ovoid. 

The peach has one dimple and one 
point. 

It has a stem. 

The peach is red and yellow. 



THE PEACH. 


S3 


It is covered with a fine, soft fuzz. 
The fuzz looks like fine hair. 

Is the fuzz good for anything? 

Does it keep the peach warm? 

The fuzz covers the pretty skin. 

The skin is very thin. 



The peach has two creases. 

The creases run from the dimple to 
the point. 

The peach has a curved surface. 
The skin covers the pulp. 

The pulp is soft and juicy. 

The juice is very sweet. 

The pulp is good to eat. 


54 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


Do you like the pulp? 

There are little fibers running 
through the pulp. 

The fibers look like fine white 
threads. 

The pulp is yellow. 

There is a stone in the pulp. 

The peach is a stone fruit. 

The cherry is a 
stone fruit. 

The plum is a 
stone fruit. 

There are other 
stone fruits. 

A stone fruit has its seed in a 
stone in the pulp. 

Can you name other stone fruits? 

The stone is the little house the 
seed lives in. 

The peach stone has a point and a 
dimple. 



THE COCOON. 


55 


The point is very sharp. 

The surface of the peach stone is 
very rough. 

Of what use is the stone? 

It holds the little seed. 

All stone fruits are called drupes. 


THE COCOON. 



I see a box. 

Do you see the pretty box? 

Yes, my red hat is in the black box. 
The box has a surface. 

The box has four corners on each 
side. 





















56 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


We will call the sides of the box 
faces. 

How many faces has the box? 

The box has six faces. 

How many faces has the cube? 

The cube has six faces, too. 

Have you a box with six sides or 
faces? 

The black box is larger than my 
box. 

Ethel put some leaves in the box. 

They were willow leaves. 

The willow leaves are long and 
green. 

Harold put something in the box, 
too. 

What did he put in the box ? 

Do you see the American silk¬ 
worm? 

Harold put the American silkworm 
in the box. 


AMERICAN SILKWORM. 


57 


The American silkworm likes wil¬ 
low leaves. 


AMERICAN SILKWORM. 



I see an American silkworm. 

The silkworm is green. 

It likes willow leaves. 

Mabel found the silkworm on the 
willow tree. 

The willow tree grows near Mabel’s 
home. 

Mabel brought the silkworm to 
school. 



58 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

We put the silkworm in a box and 
gave it some willow leaves to eat 

The silkworm likes willow leaves 
best. 

It will not eat lilac leaves. 

Did you watch the silkworm eat? 

The silkworm has a head. 

I saw the silkworm’s eyes. 

Can the silkworm see? 

Yes, Clarence thinks the silkworm 
can see. 

Martha, have you an American silk¬ 
worm ? 

Yes, I am watching it spin its 
cocoon. 

The silkworm makes a large 


cocoon. 


THE ORANGE. 


59 


THE ORANGE. 



I see an orange. 

Do you see the orange, Nellie? 
Yes, I see the large orange. 

The orange is spherical. 

It can roll. 

It is orange color. 

Ann, do you see the large orange? 
Yes, it is on the table. 

Mabel brought the orange to 
school. 

The orange has a curved surface. 


60 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

The orange skin is very thick. 

Do you see the little holes in the 
skin ? 

Yes, there is oil in those little holes. 

John made the oil burn. 

The inside of the orange skin is 
white. 

Some orange skius are thicker than 
others. 

Orange skin is not good to eat. 

The pulp of the orange is good to 
eat. 

I like the pulp. 

The pulp of the orange is spherical, 
too. 

The pulp has a curved surface. 

There are creases on the outside of 
the pulp. 

The pulp is juicy and sweet. 

It is very soft. 

There are fibers in the pulp. 


THE ORANGE. 


61 


The fibers look like thread. 

The little fibers are white. 

The pulp is yellow. 

The pulp is divided into seg¬ 
ments. 

The segments look like the new 
moon. 

Each segment has one curved and 
two plane surfaces. 

The seeds are inside the segment. 

The seeds are very small. 

The seeds are white. 

How many seeds did you find in 
your orange, Ned? 

I found nine seeds in my orange. 

Mary found seven seeds in hers. 

The seeds are not good to eat. 

They taste very bitter. 

What shall we do with the seeds ? 

We will plant them, and see what 
they will do. 


G2 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

What do you think will happen to 
them, Harold? 

We will watch and see. 


THE TOMATO. 



Have you a tomato? 

Yes, I have a red tomato. 

The tomato has a curved surface. 
The surface of the tomato is very 
smooth. 

The tomato has two dimples. 

The stem dimple is larger than the 
blossom dimple. 



THE POTATO. 


63 


Where are the creases? 

The creases run from one dimple 
to the other. 

The tomato skin is very thin. 

We can see the light through it. 

The skin is translucent because we 
can see nothing but light through it. 

The tomato skin is thin, smooth, 
red and translucent. 


THE POTATO. 



I have a potato. 

The potato has a brown skin. 
It is an old potato. 

The skin is very thin. 




64 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


The potato has a curved surface. 
The potato has eyes. 

Can the potato see? 

No, the potato can not see. 

Do you see the pulp? 

The pulp is white. 

The pulp is good to eat. 

It is hard and juicy. 

When the potato is cooked, the 
pulp is soft. 

The potato grows under the ground. 


THE BUSY BEE. 

Bees are very busy workers. 

They seem to work all the time. 

Do you think a bee ever rests? 

It is always working in the day 
time. 

Do all of the bees work? 



THE BUSY BEE. 


65 


We will watch them and find out. 
A bee’s home is called a hive. 

Bees live in their hives all winter. 
When the spring comes, we can 
hear the bees buzz. 



Are you afraid of a bee? 

A bee will not hurt you if you let 


it alone. 

But if you try to hurt a bee, it may 
sting you. Let us be kind to the bees. 












66 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

Of what use are bees? 

Bees make honey. Do you like 
honey? How do bees make honey? 

They find it in the pretty flowers. 

Do all the flowers have honey in 
them? 

No, but the bees know which have 
honey and which have not. 

Have you seen them gather honey? 

They gather it for food. 

When they get a load of honey, 
they take it home. 

They find out which way to go by 
rising with a circular flight into the air; 
then they fly very fast in a straight line 
to the doors of their own hives. 

Did you ever hear any one speak 
of a “bee line”? 

We take the honey from the hive 
which the bees have stored, there for 
their own use. 


THE EAGLE. 


67 


THE EAGLE. 



The eagle is a large, strong bird. 

It has very large wings. 

It can fly very high. 

It builds its nest in the highest 
trees, or on the tops of the highest 
mountains. 

The eagle’s claws are very strong. 

The eagle has been known to carry 
away rabbits and lambs in its claws. 


68 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

The eagle has a very strong beak. 
I never saw a bird with a stronger 
beak. 

The eagle eats flesh. It tears rab- 

V 

bits and other small animals to pieces 
to feed the little eagles. 

Would you like to have an eagle? 
No, I think it would be very un¬ 
happy if it were kept in a cage. 


THE COW. 

See Fannie at the fence. 

Fannie has come to see her Aunt 
Maggie. 

Fannie has always lived in the city. 
Aunt Maggie lives in the country. 
Fannie likes to visit her Aunt 
Maggie. 

She sees very strange things in the 
country. 



THE COW. 


69 



She likes to play out in the grass. 
One day she picked a big bunch of 
daises for Aunt Maggie. 

Aunt Maggie likes daisies. She 
likes to have little Fannie with her. 


What do you see on the other side 
of the fence? 

I see a cow. Yes, this is a picture 
of Aunt Maggie’s cow. 

Do you think Fannie ever saw a 
cow before ? 


70 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

No, I do not think she did. 

See how she looks at it. 

Do you think she is afraid of it? 

Yes, I think she is, but she likes to 
look at the cow. 

If the cow comes too near her, I 
think she will run. 

The cow has two horns and four 
feet. 

The horns are sharp and round. 

Will the cow hurt Fannie with 
its horns? 

Do you see the cow’s eyes ? 

The cow has very pretty eyes. 

The cow looks as if it were good 
and kind. 

Tell all you can about the cow. 

Are the ears of the cow like the 
rabbit’s ears ? 

The cow is moving her mouth all 
the time. 


THE CAT. 


71 


Do you know why she moves her 
mouth in this way? 

Of what use is the cow ? 

What name shall we give this cow ? 


THE CAT. 



The cat is a very common animal. 
Have you ever looked at a cat 
carefully? 

Do you know why the cat’s paws 
are so soft? 














72 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

The cat can walk and run very 
softly. 

How many toes has the cat on its 
front feet? Do you know how many 
it has on its hind feet ? 

Some cats seem to know a great 
many things. 

Cats can hear, smell, and see very 
well. 


THE GRASSHOPPER. 

The grasshopper lives in the grass. 

The grasshopper hops and flies. 

Are grasshoppers good for anything? 

The grasshopper has two pairs of 
wings. 

The outside wings are thicker than 
the inside wings. 

Of what use are the grasshopper’s 
wings ? 



THE GRASSHOPPER. 


73 


The grasshopper has three parts to 
its body. 

The head, the thorax, and the ab¬ 
domen are the parts of the body. 



The head is triangular in shape. 
Can you find the grasshopper’s 
mouth? 

Look at its lips. Tell something 
about them. 

Did you watch the grasshopper eat? 






74 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


The grasshopper has two large 
compound eyes. 

There is a small eye under each 
compourld eye. 

Do you see another eye? Yes, 
there is one small eye in the middle 
of its face. 

How many eyes has the grass¬ 
hopper? 

The grasshopper can see very well. 

Let us be kind to the grasshopper. 


THE BIRD’S STORY. 

See these two little birds! What 
bright eyes they have! 

They are talking to each other. 
Do you know what they are saying? 
If we could understand bird lan¬ 
guage we might know. I think they 



THE BIRD’S STORY. 


75 


are two young birds. They have 
not been out of their nest many times. 
I think they are tired and want to go 
home. 

Edith and Sadie watched them for 
a long time. 



At last Edith said, “I wonder if 
they can fly?” 

“Why yes,” said Sadie, “don’t you 
see their wings?'” 

Edith thinks they are not strong 
enough to fly far. 


76 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

They are resting now. Soon they 
will fly back to their nest. 

By and by they will be big, strong 
birds. 

The next time they fly away I think 
they will not go so far from the nest. 


WHO CARES FOR THE 
BIRDS? 

God cares for the birds. In the 
summer time the birds can gather 
food very easily. 

They eat fruits and small insects. 

In the winter time some birds go 
where it is warmer. Some birds are 
with us all winter. 

Where do they get their food in 
the winter time? 



WHO CARES FOR THE BIRDS ? 77 


God makes good little girls and 
boys think of the birds. 



Did you ever think of the birds 
in the winter, and put food out on 
the snow for them ? 














78 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

Would the birds live if somebody 
did not put food out on the snow for 
them? 

You can teach the birds that live 
near you to watch for food. 

If you put food in the same place 
every morning, the birds will come 
there for it. 

Here is a picture of a kind little boy. 

He is sharing his food with the 
birds. 

What kind of a bird is this in the 
picture? 

It is not afraid of the boy. 

The birds know when little boys 
and girls are kind to them. 

Let us think of the birds when the 
snow is on the ground. 

We must think of them at other 
times, too. 


/**> 


THE WIND. 


79 


THE WIND. 



The wind talks very loudly this 
morning. 

I do not like to hear it make so 
much noise. From what place does 
the wind come? 

I have never seen it. 

I have looked and looked, but I 
can not find it. 

I can see what it does. 












80 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

The wind blew my hat off. The 
hat rolled away, but I could not see 
the wind. 

The wind made John’s kite fly. 

Paper and leaves move in the direc¬ 
tion in which the wind blows. It is 
strange we can not see the wind since 
it makes so much noise. 


SEPTEMBER. 



We are glad to come back to 
school. 
















SEPTEMBER. 


81 


Do you see the picture of our new 
schoolhouse ? 

We are proud of our schoolhouse. 

We will try to do our very best 
in every way this year. 

What can you say of the month of 
September ? 

May has a bunch of golden-rod. 

Grandpa is picking his peaches. 

The bees are gathering honey. 
They are getting ready for winter. 

How brown the grass is! 

The maple-leaves have put on their 
red dresses. 

The snowbirds are coming to spend 
the winter. 

Dick found a caterpillar under the 
oak tree. 

We put it in a box and fed it 
with oak-leaves. 

We see grasshoppers. 


82 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

Pumpkins are ripe. 

Hear the tree toads call for rain. 


AUTUMN. 



It is Autumn now. The wheat is 
getting ripe. All fruit that is not ripe 
is ripening now. 

Do you like the Autumn ? May 
thinks it is a sad time. Why, do you 
know? 



THANKSGIVING. 


83 


It is sad to see the leaves fall from 
the trees and to see the grass turn 
yellow. 

Yes, but the leaves are very pretty 
now. 

Listen to the wind. It is talking 
to the leaves. They are going to 
play with the wind. When they get 
tired playing, they will go to sleep. 

The snow will come soon to cover 
them and keep them warm. 


THANKSGIVING. 

This is Thanksgiving time. The 
birds are thanking God, too. The 
little birds are always thankful. They 
seem to be happy at all times. 

Hear them sing! It seems that 



84 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


all that music could not be made by 
birds. 


Each bird tries to do his best. 
How pretty the little birds are! 



They help to make this world 
happier. 

We will miss them when they go 
away this winter. 

Where do they go? They go 
where it is warmer. We must treat 
them well while they are here, so 

















THE SNOW. 


85 


they will come back again. What can 
we do to help them? We can give 
them food every day. What kind of 
food shall we give them? Watch 
the little birds and they will tell you. 

Try them with crumbs. Feed 
them every morning. 


THE SNOW. 



Oh! See the snow! 

Where did the snow come from? 



86 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

It is all over the ground. 

I think the snow fell from the sky, 
Mary. 

Oh, yes ! See the clouds! 

The clouds look like white sheep. 

The snow is whiter than sheep’s 
wool, Ned. 

Yes, but when the snow is up in 
the sky it looks whiter than it does 
here. Can you think of anything as 
white as the snow? 

The snow is very white and soft. 




I call my kitty 
Snow-White, be¬ 
cause her fur is so 
soft and white. 


H er fur is not so 
white as snow. 


WHAT ANN SAW. 


87 


WHAT ANN SAW. 

Charlie is very kind to his sister 
Ann. 

He takes her to school every 
morning, and waits for her at night. 

In the winter time he lets her ride 
on his sled. 

Ann fell from the sled one morn¬ 
ing, when Charlie was running. 

She did not get hurt. 

When Charlie saw that she had 
fallen, he went to help her on the sled 
again. Ann’s black shawl was covered 
with snow. 

Ann said, “Do look, Charlie, see 
the pretty stars!” 

Did you ever put a snowflake on 
something black and look at it? Try 
it some day. 


88 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


THE FROST. 



Did you see what Jack Frost did 
last night? 

Come and look at the window. 

Oh ! See the funny things! 

I see a tree. One, two, three, four, 
five trees! 

See the fence! It will fall down. 

I see a Fairy. The Fairy is near 
a little lake, 

L.oFC. 
















MABEL AND FRED AT WORK. 


How did Jack 'Frost make the 
pictures, Mamma? 

May I watch him work tonight? 

No, but you may watch Jack Frost 
work today. 

He works all day during cold 
weather. 


MABEL AND FRED AT 
WORK. 



What are you doing, children? 
We are helping Jack Frost. 
















90 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


Mamma said we might help him. 

How are you helping him? 

Don’t you see? Fred made a fire 
and put some water on the stove in. 
this teakettle. 

When the water boils, we will let 
the steam from the teakettle go on 
the window pane. 

What makes the steam come from 
the teakettle ? 

When the steam gets on the glass, 
Jack Frost makes pictures with it. 

Does Jack Frost make pictures in 
the summer time? 


THE STORY JACK FROST 
TOLD. 

Mamma, see what we have done! 
Why, Mabel, what is this ? 

Fred and I have been helping Jack 
Frost. 



THE STORY JACK FROST TOLD. 


91 


How did you help him? 

We made the fire that boiled the 
water, that made the steam, that Jack 
Frost worked with. 



Well, that sounds like a story I 
once heard. 

W'hat story, Mamma? Do tell us 
a story. 











92 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

The story you made me think of 
was, “The House That Jack Built.” 

Who? Jack Frost? 

Please tell us a story of Jack 
Frost. 

Well, let us look at the window and 
see what he is doing. 

He is telling you a story, himself. 

He talks very softly. You must 
watch and think while he talks. 

Many little fairies are talking to 
us, if we but watch and listen. 

Jack Frost says, “It is colder out 
here than where you are.” Jack Frost 
likes the cold. 

See the pretty story he is paint¬ 
ing! 

I see an Indian’s wigwam and two 
Indians. 

See the trees! There is a road. I 
see a little lake, too. 


THE STORY JACK FROST TOLD. 


93 


I think that the Indians have been 
fishing. 

I wish that all the little boys and 
girls would look for Jack Frost’s 
stories. 

Can you see Jack Frost as he makes 
the frost pictures? He creeps, like a 
little fairy, over the window panes. 

The wind, rain, and hail make much 
noise, but Jack Frost works very 
quietly. Although Jack Frost does 
not make any noise while he works, 
he is always very busy. 

Did you ever see the moon shining 
on the windows after Jack Frost had 
painted them? The moon’s light 
makes Jack Frost’s pictures look 
very pretty. It makes them shine 
and sparkle like silver and diamonds. 

When the sun shines on Jack Frost’s 
window pictures it makes them look 


94 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 


pretty, too. Sometimes the sunshine 
spoils Jack Frost’s pictures. How 
does it spoil them? 

Watch the windows, some day when 
the sun is shining on them, and you 
will see for yourself. 


JACK FROST’S LITTLE 
SISTER. 

This morning, when all the rest had 
gone down, 

I stood by the window to see 
The beautiful pictures, which there, in 
the night, 

Jack Frost had been making for me. 
There were mountains, and windmills, 
and bridges, and boats, 

Some queer little houses and trees, 
A hammock that swung by itself in 
the air, 

And a giant cut off at the knees. 



JACK FROST’S LITTLE SISTER. 


95 


Then there was a steeple so crooked 
and high, 

I was thinking it surely must fall, 

When right down below it I happened 
to spy, 

The loveliest thing of them all. 

The cutest and cunningest dear little 

gH— 

I looked at her hard as I could; 

And she stood there so dainty and 
looked back at me, 

In a little white ulster and hood. 

“ Good morning,” I whispered, for all 
in a flash 

I knew ’twas Jack Frost’s little 
sister, 

I was so glad to have her come visit¬ 
ing me, 

I reached up quite softly and kissed her. 

There! can you believe it? The dar¬ 
ling was gone, 


96 SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE READER. 

Killed dead in that one little minute! 
I never once dreamt that a kiss would 
do that, 

Nor could there be any harm in it. 
But I am so sorry! For though I have 
looked 

Fifty times at the window since then, 
Half hoping to see her once more, yet 
I know 

She never can come back again. 
And it may be foolish, but all through 
the day 

I have felt—and I knew that I should, 
Just as if I had killed her, that dear 
baby girl, 

In a little white ulster and hood. 


— Carrie Bronson, in Youth’s Companion. 




4 


i 




D5LC S4 1901 

1 COPY DEL. TO CAT. DIV. 
DEC. 24 1901 



JAN. 2 1902 
























Jji'fa. if;}it 1 .**>♦ •,4- 1 ('*•• r t *■ J 

. ' '. t« 9 \V 4\\ ■ J *4 *j£ 

■■:■'■■%% «if jm 
























, 1818 ^( 3 * 

































■••A' 
























































































































